EMPLOYMENT DISADVANTAGES EXPERIENCED BY VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Older people
Professionals over 50 years of age have more experience, so they have the possibility of negotiating a fairer salary and are more selective when looking for a job, and even a more comfortable schedule.
Within the labor market it is much more limited for this group, since there is a myth that they are unwilling to learn new skills, it is difficult for them to acquire new knowledge and it is difficult for them to adapt to new environments.
Experts on the subject say that only 5% of this generation of older people surf the web to find a job. It is for this reason that these people have little scope to find work since with the advancement of technology, employment portals have captured practically the entire job search market.
In order for a person over 50 to be successful in finding a new job, the first thing to do is to prepare yourself mentally, since this, according to experts, can take an average of 22 weeks for someone of this age. This is a process of great anxiety that must be controlled and faced optimistically," says Ernesto Velarde.
According to the specialist, companies need to see that these professionals demonstrate with facts that they are not limited by these characteristics, but rather that they are flexible people, who can adapt to change and can still acquire new knowledge. It should be noted that the mature professional has much to offer organizations, such as experience, emotional stability and learning that is not learned in a couple of years, so new groups should make an effort, work hard and be interested in taking on new challenge
Community LGBTI+
The discrimination against LGBTI in the laboral sector is very worrying, it is proved that it violates their rights to equality and non-discrimination. Through the years, many investigations and surveys have been looking for the reasons, factors, variables and consequences of how discrimination in the work area, affects the workers. The investigations states that discrimination starts with the prejudice, stigma and stereotypes that still predominate over the sexual orientation and gender identity. We can conclude with this information, the lack of a regulatory framework that guarantees the safety of workers who belongs to the community LGBT+, will generate better opportunities and social security to these people. It is important to mention that, trans people are the most vulnerable in the community, to suffer discrimination; due the structural disadvantage and state violence; as a consequence, many trans people will feel obligated to engage in sex work.
11.5% of the community has suffered employment discrimination. Of this group, 33.3% stated that they were not paid as promised. 24.9% suffered threats or were physically assaulted, verbally and sexually. 14.4% were forced to remain in employment in order to receive their payment. And 6.8% did not have access to hygienic services. Despite all this, it learned that 95.6% did not report such acts (INEI, 2017).
Until 30 years ago, the WHO considered homosexuality to be a mental illness, which is why the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people has been undermined by moments of exclusion, rejection and discrimination for living their gender identity or sexual orientation or because of who they are. However, today despite the achievements of recent decades, LGBTI people still face challenges.
In Peru, they proposed legislative initiatives in the Peruvian Congress three years ago to recognize same-sex marriage and gender identity, and adequately criminalize discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, but these have encountered some setbacks, because many times they did not reach the necessary votes, given that conservative political groups refused.
For this reason, LGBTI people in Peru still feel fear and insecurity about living their lives to the fullest. This is clearly reflected in one of the few reports with data in this area, the First Virtual Survey for LGBTI People, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) of Peru in 2017, which included 12,026 adult LGBTI people, the majority between 18 and 29 years old. Whose main conclusion was devastating: 63% of the participants declared having been victims of discrimination or violence. Even more concerning, less than 5% chose to make a complaint about these incidents they experienced. Given the lack of data, many of these attacks go unpunished.
PODCAST:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsWoVU9KYlY.
Therefore, it is necessary that the protection of LGBTI people be provided by the state system. That is to say, that the sanctions to those who violate the rights of said minority are severe enough (Banco Mundial Blogs, 2020).
Labor inequality between men and women
Since before this pandemic, women in Peru already faced inequalities for their insertion in the world of work, as well as precariousness in their working conditions. According to the results of the study Impacts of the coronavirus epidemic on the work of women in Peru presented in this discussion, 80% of housework falls to women, that is, 24 hours a week in contrast to 6 hours in men. This gap, as assured by Ñopo, means that women have 18 hours less each week of work opportunities.
And job opportunities are also unequal, women are overrepresented in the informal sector, and in Peru 82% of women in the PEA work, the most vulnerable to economic impacts. "The productive structure of the countries of our region is represented by 90 or 95 percent by small and medium-sized companies. They generate 50 or 60 percent of the added value, and they are the ones that generate the most employment. That is why it is urgent to protect them. " assured Diana Gutierrez.
PODCAST:
Alvarez, R. (6 de diciembre de 2021). Las mujeres siguen en desventajas laborales por ser madres. Recuperado de https://voices.ilo.org/es-es/podcast/las-mujeres-siguen-en-desventaja-laboral-por-ser-madres.
On the other hand, the speakers stressed that there are some intersectionalities to which to pay special attention. "Indigenous, Afro-descendant women and poor women are having a more severe blow than the average woman in this country," Ñopo explained. In this regard, Trivelli recalled the transformations that the rural environment is undergoing that has increased human capital; however, "the labor market continues to pigeonhole rural women, expecting them to be unpaid family workers."w
Bibliography:
Alvarez, R. (6 de diciembre de 2021). Las mujeres siguen en desventajas laborales por ser madres. Recuperado de https://voices.ilo.org/es-es/podcast/las-mujeres-siguen-en-desventaja-laboral-por-ser-madres.
INEI. (2017). Primera Encuesta Virtual para Personas LGBTI, 2017. Recuperado del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas e Informáticas.
https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/boletines/lgbti.pdf.
Gestión (2014) .¿Un profesional de 50 años? Sus ventajas y desventajas en el mercado laboral. . Redacción Gestión Perú. Recuperado de:
Guerrero, S. & Marie, G. (30 de junio de 2020). Los derechos y la inclusión de las personas LGBTI en Perú en tiempos de coronavirus. Recuperado de Banco Mundial Blogs.
Monasterio, R. (2020). HOMOFOBIA EN EL PERÚ - A MI MODO PODCAST. Recuperado de
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsWoVU9KYlY.
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